Hosptial Acquired Infections, Steiros Infection Control Consultants, MRSA, Heath Care Savings

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Definition of HAIs

		Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving
		healthcare treatment for other conditions. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are infections that are acquired while in a hospital.

FACT

Approximately
1 out of every 20 hospitalized patients
will contract a HAI.

Currently 250 patients die each day from HAIs,
according to the CDC.

Healthcare-Associated Infections / Hospital-Aquired Infections (HAIs)

Types of HAIs

Central Line-associated Bloodstream Infection
(CLABSI)

A central line associated bloodstream infection is a
serious infection that occurs when germs enter the
bloodstream through a central line. A central line is a
tube that is place in a large vein in the neck, chest, or
arm to give fluids, blood, or medications or to do
certain medical tests quickly.

CDC Guidelines for the Prevention of CLABSI, 2011

Clostridium Difficile Infection
(C. diff, CDI, C. difficile, CDAD)

Clostridium difficile is a bacterium that may develop
due to the prolonged use of antibiotics during
healthcare treatment.
Clostridium difficile infections cause diarrhea and
more serious intestinal conditions such as colitis.
Clostridium difficile can cause gastrointestinal
infection; patients can be exposed to this bacterium
through contaminated surfaces or the spores can be
transferred on unclean hands of others.

ref: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/cdiff/Cdiff_infect.html

Surgical Site Infection (SSI)

A surgical site infection is an infection that occurs
after surgery in the part of the body where the
surgery took place.
Surgical site infections can sometimes be
superficial infections involving the skin only. Other
surgical site infections are more serious and can
involve tissues under the skin, organs, or
implanted material.

CDC Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Power Point 2009

Catheter-associated urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection involving
any part of the urinary system, including urethra,
bladder, ureters, and kidney.
UTIs are the most common type of healthcare-
associated infection.
Among UTIs acquired in the hospital, approximately
75% are associated with a urinary catheter.

CDC Guidelines for Prevention of CAUTI 2009

Ventilator-associated Pneumonia
(VAP)

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is
a lung infection that develops in a
person who is on a ventilator.

Strategies to Prevent VAP in Acute Care

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Infection

MRSA is a type of staph bacteria that is resistant to
certain antibiotics called beta-lactams. These
antibiotics include methicillin and other more common
antibiotics such as oxacillin, penicillin, and amoxicillin.
In the community, most MRSA infections are skin
infections. More severe or life-threatening MRSA
infections occur most frequently among patients in
healthcare settings.

ref: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/mrsa-infection.html

CDC Commentary: Healthcare-Associated Infections
A Continuing Threat to Public Health

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Infection

VRE are specific types of antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria that are resistant to vancomycin, the drug
often used to treat infections caused by enterococci.

Enteroccocci are bacteria that are normally present
in the human intestines and in the female genital tract
and are often found in the environment.

ref: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/organisms/vre/vre-infection.html

		The Center of Disease Control (CDC) defines a hospital-acquired infection
		(HAI) as a localized or systemic condition resulting from an adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent(s) or its toxin(s); with no evidence that the infection was present or incubating at the time of admission to a acute care setting. HAIs may be caused by infectious agents from endogenous or exogenous sources.

		Endogenous sources are body sites, such as the skin, nose, mouth,
		gastrointestinal (GI) tract, or vagina that are normally inhabited by microorganisms.

		Exogenous sources are those external to the patient, such as patient
		care personnel, visitors, patient care equipment, medical devices, or the health care environment.

Reference: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/nnis/NosInfDefinitions.pdf

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